Adam’s Apple. There are more less common ones. Check out this Mental Floss article to see some more obscure ones.
Brussels Sprouts, named after the Belgian capital.
El Salvador, in Spanish translates to ‘The Saviour’.
A President. Washington D.C., named after George Washington. Liberia is the other. The capital Monrovia is named after former US President, James Monroe.
Hindi
Triangle
Roman Gods
Theodore Roosevelt, the story of how this came about can be found here.
Julius Caesar and Augustus Caesar. Of course July and August.
Solomon Islands
Mars, the god of war. March and Mars(planet).
Philadelphia
Grapefruit, it is named grapefruit as it can grow in clusters, like grapes.
Ohio, capital Columbus, named after Christopher Columbus.
Indian Ocean
Alfred Nobel, a Swedish chemist, engineer, inventor and businessman who invented Dynamite. He originally wanted to name his discovery ‘Nobel’s Safety Powder’, but settled for Dynamite.
Libra, scales.
Madison Square Garden
Chihuahua
Cook Islands, named after Captain James Cook. He was the first man to step foot on all the continents apart from Antarctica.